clip-rule

Syntax

/* Keywords */
clip-rule: nonzero;
clip-rule: evenodd;

/* Global values */
clip-rule: inherit;
clip-rule: initial;
clip-rule: revert;
clip-rule: revert-layer;
clip-rule: unset;

Values

nonzero

For every point in the clipping mask's box, a ray is drawn in a random direction. Every time the ray intersects with any part of the clipping path, a tally is increased by one if the clipping path's part is moving from left to right across the ray, whereas it is decreased by one if the path part is moving right to left across the ray. If the final total of the tally is zero, the point is outside the path's shape. Otherwise, it's inside the path's shape.

even-odd

For every point in the clipping mask's box, a ray is drawn in a random direction. Every time the ray intersects with any part of the clipping path, a tally is increased by one. If the final total of the tally is even, the point is outside the path's shape; otherwise, it's inside the path's shape. Zero is taken to be even.

Formal syntax

clip-rule = 
  nonzero  |
  evenodd  

Examples

Value comparison

In this example, we will apply different CSS clip-rule values to similar SVG <path> elements to demonstrate the difference between evenodd and non-zero.

HTML

The markup has multiple <svg> containers, each containing a <clipPath> element that defines a star shape, and a <rect> element to draw the star inside. The stars are created with overlapping lines. Other than the id, the markup of the first two SVG elements is identical. The third SVG includes just the <path> element, showing how the lines of the path that created the star overlap.

<svg>
  <clipPath id="star1">
    <path d="M50,0 21,90 98,35 2,35 79,90z" />
  </clipPath>
  <rect clip-path="url(#star1)" width="95" height="95" />
</svg>

<svg>
  <clipPath id="star2">
    <path d="M50,0 21,90 98,35 2,35 79,90z" />
  </clipPath>
  <rect clip-path="url(#star2)" width="95" height="95" />
</svg>

<svg id="star3">
  <path d="M50,0 21,90 98,35 2,35 79,90z" />
</svg>

CSS

The clip-rule for the <path> in the first SVG is set to evenodd; nonzero in the second SVG. For the path-only SVG, we removed the default fill and defined both a stroke color and stroke-width to make the overlapping path lines visible:

body {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
}
svg {
  width: 110px;
  height: 110px;
}

#star1 path {
  clip-rule: evenodd;
}

#star2 path {
  clip-rule: nonzero;
}

#star3 path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: black;
  stroke-width: 1;
}

Results

Within basic shape definitions

This example demonstrates that, while the clip-rule does not have any effect on CSS <basic-shape>s, it can affect a <clipPath> used as the source of a shape.

HTML

We include an SVG with two <clipPath> elements that define star shapes, which are identical except for their id attribute values. We also include two <div> elements that will contain our star shapes.

<svg height="0" width="0">
  <defs>
    <clipPath id="star1">
      <path d="M100,0 42,180 196,70 4,70 158,180z" />
    </clipPath>
    <clipPath id="star2">
      <path d="M100,0 42,180 196,70 4,70 158,180z" />
    </clipPath>
  </defs>
</svg>

<div></div>
<div></div>

CSS

We provide the <div> elements with a set width and height, adding a conic-gradient() for their background-image value:

body {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
}

div {
  height: 200px;
  width: 200px;
  background-image: conic-gradient(
    at center,
    rebeccapurple,
    green,
    lightblue,
    rebeccapurple
  );
}

We use the clip-path property to set the different <clipPath> elements as the clipping path for each <div>:

div:first-of-type {
  clip-path: url("#star1");
}
div:last-of-type {
  clip-path: url("#star2");
}

Finally, we set the different clip-rule values for each of the <clipPath> element's <path>s:

#star1 path {
  clip-rule: evenodd;
}
#star2 path {
  clip-rule: nonzero;
}

Results

Choosing between rules for a path with all clockwise paths

In this SVG image, we have two rectangles that are clipped, once with each clipping rule. There are two <clipPath> elements, so that one can be set to use the non-zero clipping rule and the other uses the even-odd rule. Both paths are drawn in a clockwise direction for both its inner and outer parts.

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 50">
  <g stroke="#112233" fill="#bbccdd">
    <!-- basic rectangle and clipping path visualization follow -->
    <rect x="10" y="10" width="30" height="30" />
    <path
      d="M 65,5 l 20,20 -20,20 -20,-20 20,-20 m 0,10 l 10,10 -10,10 -10,-10 10,-10 z"
      fill="none"
      stroke-width="0.5" />
    <!-- rectangles to be clipped follow -->
    <rect x="110" y="10" width="30" height="30" clip-path="url(#clipper1)" />
    <rect x="160" y="10" width="30" height="30" clip-path="url(#clipper2)" />
  </g>
  <!-- clipping paths follow -->
  <clipPath id="clipper1" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox">
    <path
      d="M 0.5 -0.15 l 0.65 0.65 -0.65,0.65 -0.65,-0.65 0.65,-0.65 m 0,0.33 l 0.33,0.33 -0.33,0.33 -0.33,-0.33 0.33,-0.33 z"
      clip-rule="evenodd" />
  </clipPath>
  <clipPath id="clipper2" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox">
    <path
      d="M 0.5 -0.15 l 0.65 0.65 -0.65,0.65 -0.65,-0.65 0.65,-0.65 m 0,0.33 l 0.33,0.33 -0.33,0.33 -0.33,-0.33 0.33,-0.33 z"
      clip-rule="nonzero" />
  </clipPath>
</svg>

To the clipping paths that are applied to the clipped rectangles, the CSS clip-rule property is used to set one path to use the nonzero rules, and the other to use the evenodd rule. These override the values of the clip-path attributes in the SVG, which have been intentionally set to the opposite values as the CSS imposes.

#clipper1 {
  clip-rule: nonzero;
}
#clipper2 {
  clip-rule: evenodd;
}

Because both the inner and outer parts of the path move in a clockwise (left-to-right) direction, the resulting clip shape will be different between the two clipping rules. For nonzero, any ray inside the outer part of the shape will tally to a value above zero, because it will encounter one or more left-to-right path fragments. For even-odd, points between the two parts of the path will have an odd-numbered tally, whereas any point either inside the inner path or outside the outer part will have an even-numbered tally.

Choosing between rules for a path with different winding paths

This example uses the same SVG as the previous example, with the change that the interior part of the clipping path winds in a counterclockwise direction.

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 50">
  <g stroke="#112233" fill="#bbccdd">
    <!-- basic rectangle and clipping path visualization follow -->
    <rect x="10" y="10" width="30" height="30" />
    <path
      d="M 65,5 l 20,20 -20,20 -20,-20 20,-20 m 0,10 l 10,10 -10,10 -10,-10 10,-10 z"
      fill="none"
      stroke-width="0.5" />
    <!-- rectangles to be clipped follow -->
    <rect x="110" y="10" width="30" height="30" clip-path="url(#clipper1)" />
    <rect x="160" y="10" width="30" height="30" clip-path="url(#clipper2)" />
  </g>
  <!-- clipping paths follow -->
  <clipPath id="clipper1" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox">
    <path
      d="M 0.5 -0.15 l 0.65 0.65 -0.65,0.65 -0.65,-0.65 0.65,-0.65 m 0,0.33 l -0.33,0.33 0.33,0.33 0.33,-0.33 -0.33,-0.33 z" />
  </clipPath>
  <clipPath id="clipper2" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox">
    <path
      d="M 0.5 -0.15 l 0.65 0.65 -0.65,0.65 -0.65,-0.65 0.65,-0.65 m 0,0.33 l 0.33,0.33 -0.33,0.33 -0.33,-0.33 0.33,-0.33 z" />
  </clipPath>
</svg>

We apply the same CSS as before.

#clipper1 {
  clip-rule: nonzero;
}
#clipper2 {
  clip-rule: evenodd;
}

In this case, because the outer part of the path moves in a clockwise (left-to-right) direction and the interior part of the path moves in a counterclockwise (right-to-left) direction, the resulting clip shape will be the same regardless of which clipping rule is used.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• fill-rule
• clip-path
• Introduction to CSS clipping
• CSS masking module
• SVG clip-rule attribute
• SVG <clipPath> element
• SVG fill-rule attribute